NATURAL RESOURCES-9th Science Notes and Question Banks

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Chapter-1

NATURAL RESOURCES

Text Book Question and Answers

I. Four alternatives are given to each incomplete statement l question. Choose the right answer

1. A byproduct of coal among the following is

a. Nitrogen b. Coke c. Graphite d. Diamond

2. An extinct animal among the following is

a. Tiger b. Bison c. Woolly mammoth d. Mongoose

3. In contour farming the field is ploughed to the slope of the field

a. Parallel b. Right angle c. Diagonal d. None of the above

4. Chipko movement was started by

a. Salumarada Thimmakka b. Sunderlal Bahuguna

c. Medha Patkar d. Suresh Heblikar

II. Answer the following questions

1. List out the main byproducts of Coal and their uses.

a. Coke: used as fuel

b. Coal tar: used to obtain insecticides and wood preservatives.

c. Sulphur: used to prepare sulphuric acid(H₂SO₄)

d. Ammonia: used to prepare fertilizers.

2. How do you conserve soil?

a. Maintenance of soil fertility

b. Reforestation

c. Terracing

d. Practice no till farming.

e. Use terrace farming.

f. Practice contour farming.  .

g. Reduce impervious surfaces.

h. Plant a rain garden.

i. Use a rain barrel.

j. Plant windbreaks.

k. Restore wetlands.

l. Plant buffer strips along stream banks.

m. Re-establish forest cover.

3. How are the wild animals protected?

a. Establishing biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.

b. Afforestation, reforestation, social forestry, community forestry

c. Special schemes for preservation of endangered species.

d. Improvement of natural habitats of wildlife

e. Restriction of hunting, poaching of animals by strict regulation.

f. Educating people about the need and methods of conservation of wildlife

a. Enforcing legal Acts and Regulations to prevent poaching (illegal * killing animals) for sports and money

4. Give suggestions to conserve fossil fuels.

b. Use public transport, try cycling or walking to your destination

c. Use solar panels

d. Try not to use much plastic

e. Follow 3Rs’ (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse)

f. Switch off lights when not in use

g. Influence others to follow eco-friendly lifestyles.

5. What is ‘Vanamahotsava’?

The Government has made plans to grow more trees. Vanamahotsava is celebrated every year to plant more trees. Thousands of school children participate in Vanamahotsava and plant trees every year. Programme of planting trees during the first week of July. Chipko Movement and Narmada Bachao Andolan are some of the movements to save forests and wild life in India.

6. Differentiate between Afforestation and Reforestation?

Afforestation is the establishment of a forest or stand of trees in an area where there was no forest.

Reforestation is the reestablishment of forest cover, either naturally (by natural seeding, coppice, or root suckers) or artificially (by direct seeding or planting).

7. What will happen if,

a) We go on cutting trees

If we go on cutting trees, rainfall and fertility of soil will decrease and the changes on natural calamities will increase. It will also lead to decrease in water holding capacity of the soil which will result in floods. Animal life will also be affected.

b) The habitat of an animal is disturbed

The survival of the animals will became difficult it their natural habitat is distributed. They will not have any space to live and to breed. As a result they will not survive and also because of scarcity of food the animals have started wandering in the nearby villages and targeting domestic animals as their prey.

c) The top layer of soil is exposed.

If the top layer of soil is exposed it will wash away with water. The removal of top layer will gradually convert the fertile land into deserts Moreover the soil washed away with water will be deposited in the river bib resulting in decreasing the depth of rivers. The chances of floods will increase many folds.

 

III. Match the following

1. Rainwater harvesting - plant more trees(4)

2. Contour ploughing - conservation of water(1)

3. Solar panels - conserve fossil fuels(3)

4. Vanamahotsava - Prevent soil erosion.(2)

 

IV. Fill up the blanks

1. Soil loses its fertility mainly due to erosion

2. An organic material consisting of decayed vegetable or animal matter which provide nutrients to plants is called humus.

3. Expansion of WWF is World Wildlife Fund.

4. Biodiversity is essential for maintenance of Ecological Balance.

Additional Question and Answers

1. Write some important ores/metals and their availability in various districts of Karnataka

No	Ore/metal	Districts
1	Iron ore	Bellary, Chikkamagaluru, Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Tumkur, Uttara Kannada, Dakshtna Kannada, Gadag, Mandya
2	Manganese ore	Bellary, Uttara Kannada Districts Tumkur, Chitradurga, Shimoga, Belgaum (Karnataka is the second highest producer of manganese ore in India next to Orissa)
3	Bauxite	Belgaum, Udupi and Dakshina Kannada Chikkamagaluru and Uttara Kannada districts (Bauxite is the main source of Aluminium)
4	Chromite	Hassan, Mysore, Chikkamagaluru, chitradurga and Shimoga (Karnataka is the second highest producer of Chromite in India next to Orissa)
5	Copper	Chitradurga, Hassan, Gulbarga
6	Gold	Kolar, Raichur, Gadag, Gulbarga, Tumkur and Yadagir (Kolar Gold Mine is the second deepest mine in the world)
7	Silver	Raichur (Hutti Mines) (Karnataka is second in India in the production of silver next to Rajasthan)
8	Magnasite (MgC03)	Mysore, Kodagu, Bellary and Hassan (Karnataka is the third leading producer of Magnasite in India next to Tamilnadu and Uttarakhand)
9	Kyanite (Aluminium Silicate, Aysicy,	Mysore, Hassan, Chikkamagalum and Ghitradurga

2. Write some important by-products of coal.

3. Define Natual Resources.

The nature has provided such as soil, air, water, minerals, coal, sunlight, animals and plants etc., are known as natural resources.

4. Why we use natual resouces directly or indirectly

We use natual resouces directly or indirectly for survival and welfare of living beings.

5. Write some need to conserve nature.

a. To maintain ecological balance for supporting life.

b. To preserve different kinds of species.

c. To make the resources available for present and future generations.

d. To ensure the survival of biodiversity

6. When we are celebrating World Water Day and why?

22^nd March celebrating as the World Water Day. Schools and colleges celebrate the day by various types of activities which create awareness on water conservation.

7. Write the measures to conserve water.

a. Growing vegetation in the catchment areas which will hold water in the soil and allow it to percolate into deeper layers and contribute to the formation of ground water.

b. Constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate supply of water to the fields as well as to enable generation of hydroelectricity

c. Sewage should be treated and only the clean water should be released into the rivers.

d. Industrial wastes should be treated to prevent chemical and thermal pollution of fresh water

e. Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life. All of us waste water knowingly or unknowingly while brushing teeth, bathing, washing and during many other activities. Leaking taps is another source of huge water wastage

f. Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing rainwater and recharging the groundwater

8. Why has the Government made it compulsory to install rain water harvesting system in every house?

We have seen that most of the water that we get as rainfall just flows away. This is a waste of precious natural resource. This rainwater can be used to recharge the groundwater

9. Write a note on conservation of soil

Soil loses its fertility due to erosion, so we need to conserve the soil. Soil conservation means checking soil erosion and improving soil fertility by adopting various methods. Let us know some of these methods.

a. Maintenance of soil fertility: The fertility can be maintained by adding manure and fertilizers regularly as well as by rotation of crops.

b. Reforestation: Planting of trees and vegetation reduces soil erosion by both, water and wind

c. Terracing: Flat fields with bunds are made on slopes by constructing steps in order to prevent soil erosion

10. Why contour ploughing is followed to check soil erosion?

Contour ploughing: Ploughing at transverse direction to the slope allows the furrows to trap water and check soil erosion by rain water.

Contour ploughing or contour farming is the farming practice of ploughing across a slope following its elevation contour lines. The rows forme slows down water run-off during rainstorms and allows the water enough time to settle into the soil. In contour ploughing, the ruts made by the plough run perpendicular rather than parallel to slopes, generally resulting in furrows that curve around the land. A similar practice is contour bunding where stones are placed around the contours of slopes

11. Write a note on Conservation of forests.

Forests are important natural resources of every state. They have a moderating influence against floods and thus protect the soil against erosion. Forests also influence climate and rainfall. They provide raw materials to a number of industries. They prevent landslides, reduce I flood havoc and provide protection to wildlife. In spite of these uses, destruction of forests (deforestation) is taking place and is caused by increased industrialization, urbanization, mining, overgrazing and extension of agricultural activities. The effects of deforestation are desertification, unfavorable climatic conditions and dwindling of the wildlife habitat

12. Animal life is also affected by deforestation. How? List the points

The Forest Conservation Act 1980 was enacted to help conserve the country’s forests. It strictly restricts and regulates the de­reservation of forests or use of forest land for non-forest purposes without the prior approval of Central Government.

These are some measures for conservation of forests;

a. Restricting unnecessary cutting of trees.

b. Afforestation (Tree planting programme), reforestation, community forestry.

c. Controlling forest disasters.

d. Educating public about alternate sources of furniture and minimizing the use of timber.

e. Recycling of forest products.

f. Adopting modern management practices such as social forestry, agricultural forestry etc

13. Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you can save paper.

The Indian Forest Act, 1927 consolidates the law relating to forests, the transit of forest-produce and the duty leviable on timber and other forest-produce. Keeping in view the importance of forests in our life, people all over the world have stopped unnecessary deforestation. Our Government has also made laws to prevent unnecessary felling of trees. Government has decided to declare certain forests as protected areas. There are about 150 wildlife sanctuaries in India. People come from all over the world to see these sanctuaries. They consist of some of the most beautiful and rare animals and plants.

14. Why should we conserve wildlife?

We should conserve wildlife to

a. Maintain ecological balance for supporting life.

b. Preserve different kinds of species.

c. Preserve economically important plants and animals.

d. Conserve the endangered species.

e. Promote afforestation

f. Prevent the extinction of species

15. List the organization involved in wildlife conservation.

a. IBWL-Indian Board of Wild life

b. BNHS-Bombay Natural History Society

c. WPSI-Wildlife Preservation Society of India

d. WWF-World Wild-life Fund

e. SBWL-State Boards for Wildlife

f. NWAP-National Wild-life Action plan

g. IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources

h. WCU - World Conservation Union

i. CITES - Conservation of International Trade in Endangered Species

16. Write a note on Conservation of fossil fuels

Fossil fuels are the fossilized remains of plants and animals, which over millions of years have been transformed into coal, petroleum products and natural gas. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel. It is widely used for combustion, in cooling and industrial activities. There are different types of coal products such as coal gas, coal tar, benzene, toluene, etc., which are used for various purposes. Since these fuels take long duration to form and are non renewable it is very important to use them judiciously and it is advisable to use alternative sources of energy like solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, tidal energy, nuclear energy etc.,

In addition to this since fossil fuels are non renewable, instead of using fossil fuels for energy, switch to renewable sources such as solar panels to provide light and heat to your home and obtain electricity. Solar panels are made up of arrays of photovoltaic cells which collect solar energy rather than using up fossil fuels.

Steps to conserve fossil fuels

a. Use public transport, try cycling or walking to your destination

b. Use solar panels

c. Try not to use much plastic

d. Follow 3Rs’ (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse)

e. Switch off lights when not in use

f. Influence others to follow eco-friendly lifestyle

17. Write some National Parks of India.

No	Name of the National Park	State where located	Animals found in the National Park
1	Kaziranga National Park	Assam	Elephants, Wild Buffalo. Deer, Barking deer, Chinkara. Bears, leopards. Wild Bears, single horn rhinocerus
2	Himalayan National Park	Himachal Pradesh	Wild Mountain goats. Brown deer. Snow leopards, leopards.
3	Pin-Valley National Park	Himachal Pradesh	Siberian Ibex. Snow leopard. Hare, Tibetan wolf. Red fox. Snow cock
4	Hemis National park	Jammu and Kashmir	Snow leopard. Tibetan Ibex. Tibetan antelope
5	Kashtwar National park	Jammu and Kashmir	Brown bear. Snow leopard, Himalayan musk deer, Wild boar
6	Ranthambore National Park	Rajasthan	Tigers, Sambhar
7	Sariska National Park	Rajasthan	Tigers, Chital, Indian Porcupine, Striped hyena. Leopard
8	Gir National Park	Gujarath	AsiaLic lion, Chinkara, Wild boar, Striped hyena. Jackal, Common langur, Porcupine
9	Silent Valley National Park	Kerala	Butterflies
10	Ernakulam National Park	Kerala	Elephants, Sambars, Gaurs, NilgiriLangur, Tigers, Leopards
11	Bandipur National Park	Karnataka	Tiger, Nilgirilangur, elephant, Wild boar, Golden jackal, Mangcose, Hanuman langur, Giant flying squirrel, Indian pangolin
12	Nagarahole National Park	Karnataka	Tiger, Elephant, Leopard, Wild dog, Bear, Hyena, Spotted deer. Barking deer, Four homed antelope, Wild boar
13	Corbett National Park	Uttaranchal	Tiger, Himalayan black bear. Grey National Park mongoose, Porcupine, Elephant, Antelopes
14	Hazaribagh National Park	Jharkhand	Wild boar, Sambar, Bear, Tiger, Panther
15	Nandan-Kanan National Park	Orissa	White tigers

18. Write some Sanctuaries of India

No	Name of the Sanctuary	State where Sanctuary located	Animals forund in the Sancturay
1	Srisailam Sanctuary	Andhra Pradesh	Tiger, Leopard, Deer, Sloth Bear, Hyena, Pangolin
2	Wildlife Sanctuary	Karnataka	Elephants, Panthers, Tigers, Crested eagle, Sambhars, Chltas
3	Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary	Karnataka	Barking Deer, Sloth bear. Panther. Tiger. Elephant. Wild dog. Bison, Jackal, Langur. Giant flying Squirrel
4	Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary	Karnataka	Birds.
5	Sanjay Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary	Maharashtra	Spotted deer, Hare. Barking deer. Porcupine. Palm civet, Hanuman Langur, Indian flying fox. Python, Crocodiles, Cobras
6	Mudumalai Sanctuary	Tamil Nadu	Langur, Tiger, Leopard, Wild dog. Hyena, Jackal, Bear, Elephants, Deer, Wild boar.
7	Satkosia Basipalli Sanctuary	West Bengal	Leopard, Elephant. Himalayan Black bear. Wild Goat, Red Panda, Gibbon
8	Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary	Gujarath	Wild Ass, Blue bull, Chinkara, Wolf, Jackal. Desert cats, Cranes, Flammingos

Distribution of Minerals in Karnataka

A few extinct animals